Often times, you might be asking yourself, what are the parameters for extracting a tar file? (answer: -xvf) In any case, to avoid memorizing individual parameters for zip, tar, rar etc, use atool.
Install atool using apt-get: sudo apt-get install atool.
Commands like apack, aunpack, acat from atool are now at your disposal.
foobar.tar.gz to a subdirectory (or the current directory if it only contains one file):
aunpack foobar.tar.gz
foo and bar:
apack myarchive.zip foo bar
comp.zip:
apack comp.zip *
stuff.rar:
als stuff.rar